Phylogenetic analyses of the proteins involved in encapsulation signaling pathways in ants

"One of the major evolutionary transitions is shift from solitary to social lifestyle, which involved a plethora behavioral and physiological changes in entities. Group living has several advantages as evolution collective defense mechanisms. It may also affect individual immune system either due efficiency defenses or because high transmission frequency pathogens. Individual consists innate acquired components. In insects, there are two signaling pathways (Toll Jak/Stat) that result expression specific genes, which, their turn, encode peptides, proteins activate responses like encapsulation. The main aim our study was verify whether transition eusocial lifestyle reflected responses. We carried out phylogenetic analyses 15 encapsulation ants. included four other insect groups, bees, sweat wasps, termites, three fruit flies, braconid megachilid bees. Ants grouped separately groups most cases, however, were some notable exceptions mostly case pattern recognition proteins, probably correlating with differences potential No revealed though between insects respect Keywords: eusociality, evolution, response, immunity, immunity"